Atypical Location of Oral Metastasis as the First Manifestation of Renal Carcinoma. Case Report / Localización Atípica de Metastasis Oral como Primera Manifestación de Carcinoma Renal. Reporte de Caso

Oral cavity metastatic tumors derived from primary tumors from other corporal regions are rare, representing barely 1 % of all malignant tumors. Differential diagnosis of these lesions is challenging due to the wide spectrum of lesions with similar clinical presentation and especially when the presence of a primary tumor goes undetected. We present the case of a 55-year-old male with a painless tumor in the anterior maxillary region, vestibular gingiva and palate, with a 2-month evolution. Anatomopathological diagnosis was malignant clear cell tumor, highly suggestive of clear cell renal carcinoma metastasis, and the oral lesion constituted the first sign of illness.

Los tumores metastásicos de cavidad oral derivados de tumores primarios de otras regiones corporales son raros, representando apenas el 1 % de todos los tumores malignos. El diagnóstico diferencial de estas lesiones es desafiante debido al amplio espectro de lesiones con presentación clínica similar y especialmente cuando la presencia de un tumor primario pasa desapercibida. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 55 años con una tumoración indolora en región maxilar anterior, encía vestibular y paladar, de 2 meses de evolución. El diagnóstico anatomopatológico fue de tumor maligno de células claras, altamente sugestivo de metástasis de carcinoma renal de células claras, y la lesión bucal constituyó el primer signo de enfermedad.

A novel interlamellar oral mucosa graft surgery technique using fibrin glue for the treatment of trichiasis / Nova técnica cirúrgica de enxerto interlamelar de mucosa oral usando cola de fibrina para o tratamento de triquíase

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients with trichiasis treated with a modified interlamellar oral mucosa graft surgery technique using fibrin glue. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Oculoplastic Department of Ouro Verde Hospital Complex. Patients with recurrent trichiasis without entropion who did not respond to conventional therapy, underwent intermarginal lamellar splitting of the eyelid and oral mucous graft insertion with fibrin glue replacing sutures. They were then evaluated at 1-day, 1-week, 1-month, 6-month, and 4-year follow-ups. Graft adherence, symptom resolution, esthetic satisfaction, overall patient satisfaction, and trichiasis recurrence were assessed at 6-month and 4-year follow-ups. Results: Fifteen patients (a total of 19 eyes) were included, of whom 10 (66.7%) were female and 5 (33.3%) were male. The mean age was 75.4 ± 10.5 years (range, 54-98 years). Acquired trichiasis was the main cause. Of the patients with acquired trichiasis, 12 (86.7%) had chronic blepharitis, 2 (13.3%) had an undetermined cause, and one (6.7%) had trachomatous trichiasis. Most cases involved only one eyelid segment (89.4%) and =5 lashes (84.2%; minor trichiasis). No adverse reactions from the fibrin glue were reported and no sutures were required after graft placement. At 6 months, no graft failures occurred, 17 eyes of 13 patients (89.4%) showed good graft adherence, 2 eyes of 2 patients (10.5%) showed partial graft adherence, and 2 eyes of 1 patient (10.5%) had trichiasis recurrence. At 4-year follow-up, no graft failure occurred, 3 patients (3 eyes) were lost to follow-up, and 2 eyes of 2 patients (14.2%) had trichiasis recurrence. The 4-year cumulative success rate was 78.9%. Conclusions: The modified interlamellar surgery with fibrin glue showed a good long-term success rate. This technique reduces surgical time, facilitates smaller graft insertion, and therefore, should be considered for recalcitrant minor trichiasis without entropion.>

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os resultados a longo prazo da técnica cirúrgica modificada de enxerto interlamelar de mucosa oral usando cola de fibrina para o tratamento de triquíase. Métodos: Um estudo prospectivo foi realizado no Departamento de Óculo-plástica do Complexo Hospital Ouro Verde. Pacientes com triquíase recorrente sem entrópio, que não responderam à terapia convencional, foram submetidos à cirurgia com separação intermarginal das lamelas das pálpebras e inserção de enxerto de mucosa oral usando cola de fibrina, substituindo a sutura. Pacientes foram avaliados 1 dia, 7 dias, 1 mês, 6 meses e 4 anos após a cirurgia. A aderência do enxerto, resolução dos sintomas, satisfação estética, satisfação geral do paciente e recorrência de triquíase foram avaliados aos 6 meses e aos 4 anos. Resultados: Quinze pacientes (total de 19 olhos) foram incluídos, dos quais 10 (66.7%) eram do sexo feminino e 5 (33.3%) do sexo masculino. A média de idade foi 75.4 ± 10.5 anos (intervalo 54-98 anos). Triquíase adquirida foi a principal causa, da qual 12 pacientes apresentaram blefarite crônica (86.7%), 2 pacientes com causa indeterminada (13.3%) e 1 paciente com triquíase tracomatosa (6.7%). A maioria dos casos envolveu apenas um segmento da pálpebra (89.4%) e com =5 cílios (84.2%; triquíase menor). Nenhuma reação adversa foi reportada com o uso da cola de fibrina e nenhum caso necessitou de sutura após inserção do enxerto. Aos 6 meses, não houve nenhuma falha de enxerto, 17 olhos de 13 pacientes (89.4%) apresentaram boa aderência de enxerto, 2 olhos de 2 pacientes (10.5%) mostraram aderência parcial do enxerto e 2 olhos de 1 paciente (10.5%) apresentaram recorrência da triquíase. Aos 4 anos, não houve nenhuma falha de enxerto, 3 olhos de 3 pacientes tiveram perda de seguimento e 2 olhos de 2 pacientes (14.2%) apresentaram recorrência da triquíase. A taxa de sucesso acumulativa após 4 anos foi de 78.9%. Conclusão: A cirurgia modificada de enxerto interlamelar de mucosa oral usando cola de fibrina mostrou uma boa taxa de sucesso a longo prazo. Esta técnica reduz o tempo cirúrgico, facilita a inserção de enxertos menores e, portanto, deve ser considerada em triquíase menor sem entrópio resistente ao tratamento convencional.

Enfrentamiento de lesiones de cavidad oral: clasificación y diagnóstico diferencial / Assessment of oral cavity lesions: classification and differential diagnosis

Las lesiones de la cavidad oral corresponden a un hallazgo frecuente y muchas veces difíciles de diagnosticar. Su correcto reconocimiento podría ser clave en detectar patologías que podrían cambiar el pronóstico del paciente. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir una clasificación de las lesiones de la cavidad oral que permita ayudar al diagnóstico en la práctica clínica. Para esto, se detallan y se describen las lesiones, orientando al diagnóstico y a la necesidad de biopsiar. Para simplificar la orientación diagnóstica, las lesiones se clasifican en 2 grandes grupos: tumorales y no tumorales. Las lesiones no tumorales se subdividen en lesiones de la mucosa oral y lesiones de la lengua.

Lesions of the oral cavity are frequent and often difficult to diagnose. However, correct recognition could change the patient's prognosis. This review aims to describe a classification of oral mucosa lesions, to help the diagnosis in clinical practice. The lesions are described for this, guiding the diagnosis and the need for biopsy. To simplify the diagnostic orientation, the lesions are classified into two groups: tumor and non-tumor lesions. Non-tumor lesions are subdivided into lesions of the oral mucosa and lesions of the tongue.

Lesiones en Mucosa Oral Pesquisadas en un Servicio de Urgencia Hospitalario

RESUMEN: En mucosa oral se pueden expresar múltiples lesiones y condiciones que se alejan de la normalidad las cuales deben ser sujeto de estudio y manejo con el fin de mejorar el pronóstico de los pacientes y su calidad de vida, siendo algunas veces motivo de consulta en servicios de urgencia. Un estudio observacional retrospectivo fue realizado con los datos de atención de urgencia del Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, incorporando las consultas producto de hallazgos en mucosa oral. Se evaluaron los datos de 121 pacientes, 54 hombres y 67 mujeres entre 12 y 84 años, promedio de 45 años. La sospecha de Tumores malignos agrupó un 24,8 % de la muestra, siendo las lesiones en tejidos contiguos a paladar duro las más frecuentes dentro de este subgrupo, seguidos de cuadros de Estomatitis y Gingivitis (21,5 %), Granulomas (20,7 %) y Hiperplasias y Fibrosis (14,9 %). Los tejidos más afectados fueron el gingival con 47 casos (38,9 %) y el palatino con 39 casos (32,2 %). Nuestros resultados se condicen con lo expresado en la literatura donde en población adulta se tienden a identificar hallazgos asociados a daño crónico sobre los tejidos, con estímulos mecánico s de baja intensidad constantes y asociación con patologías base, mientras que en pacientes de primera y segunda década las lesiones traumáticas y asociadas a virus son más frecuentes. Es crítico que los profesionales conozcan las lesiones más frecuentes de identificar en la población, conociendo su etiología y manejo adecuado, junto con disponer de una red de trabajo continuo, realizando seguimiento del caso a lo largo del proceso diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT: Multiple lesions and conditions that are far from normal can be expressed in the oral mucosa, which should be the subject of study and management in order to improve the prognosis of patients and their quality of life, sometimes being a reason for consultation in emergency services. A retrospective observational study was carried out with the emergency care data from the Barros Luco Trudeau Hospital, incorporating the consultations resulting from findings in the oral mucosa. Data from 121 patients, 54 men and 67 women between 12 and 84 years old, average 45 years old, were evaluated. Suspicion of malignant tumors grouped 24,8 % of the sample, being the lesions in tissues adjacent to the hard palate the most frequent within this subgroup, followed by pictures of Stomatitis and Gingivitis (21.5 %), Granulomas (20.7 %) and Hyperplasias and Fibrosis (14.9 %). The most affected tissues were the gingival with 47 cases (38.9 %) and the palatal with 39 cases (32.2 %). Our results are consistent with what is expressed in the literature where, in the adult population, findings associated with chronic tissue damage tend to be identified, with constant low intensity mechanical stimuli and association with base pathologies, while in first and second patients In the decade, traumatic and virus-associated injuries are more frequent. It is critical that professionals know the most frequent injuries to identify in the population, knowing their etiology and proper management, along with having a continuous work network, monitoring the case throughout the diagnostic process.

Oral Mucosal Melanoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

ABSTRACT: Oral mucosal melanoma is an unusual and aggressive malignant tumor that mainly affects the palate of men aged between 50 and 60 years. We present a literature review focusing on the etiopathogenesis and the clinicopathologic features of this entity. In addition, we reported a rare case of an oral mucosal melanoma arising in the left cheek of a 60-yea r- old man. Computed tomography scan revealed infiltration of the tumor to other anatomic structures including the maxillary sinus, the zygomatic bone and the pterygoid processes. Based on its extension, the lesion was considered inoperable and treatment with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy was proposed but the patient only attended to the first session and died from cancer progression 6 months after the diagnosis. This paper reinforces the importance of inclusion of this malignant tumor in the differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa.

RESUMEN: El melanoma de la mucosa oral es un tumor maligno inusual y agresivo que afecta principalmente al paladar de hombres de entre 50 y 60 años. Presentamos una revisión bibliográfica centrada en la etiopatogenia y las características clínico-patológicas de esta entidad. Además, reportamos un caso raro de melanoma de la mucosa oral que surgió en la mejilla izquierda de un hombre de 60 años. La tomografía computarizada reveló la infiltración del tumor a otras estructuras anatómicas, incluido el seno maxilar, el hueso cigomático y los procesos pterigoideos. En base a su extensión, la lesión se consideró inoperable y se propuso tratamiento con radioterapia conformada tridimensional pero el paciente solo asistió a la primera sesión y falleció por progresión del cáncer 6 meses después del diagnóstico. Este trabajo refuerza la importancia de la inclusión de este tumor maligno en el diagnóstico diferencial de las lesiones pigmentadas de la mucosa oral.

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and oral health related quality of life among adolescents in a rural Nigerian population

Background: Oral mucosal lesions affect people of all age groups, and vary in presentation; from asymptomatic to severely debilitating. Studies reporting the prevalence and effects of these lesions in adolescents are generally few compared to those describing the demography of dental caries and other oral diseases. Objective: To determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions, factors that contribute to the prevalence, and the association with the oral-health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adolescents in the population. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done on 240 secondary school students aged 10-19 from three secondary schools selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to collect demographic information, presence of systemic illness, and oral habits. Oral-health related quality of life was assessed using the oral-health impact profile (OHIP-14), and intraoral examination was performed within the school premises by a single trained investigator. Results: A total of 33 participants (13.7%) had oral mucosal lesions. Overall, commissural lip pits (5.0%) were the most prevalent, while geographic tongue and irritation fibroma (0.4% each) were the least prevalent lesions. The mean OHIP-14 score of the participants in this study was 7.17+8.64. Participants with systemic diseases and cheek biting habits had statistically significant worse scores than those without either. Conclusion: The most prevalent oral mucosal lesions in the adolescent age group are those of developmental origin. Quality of life was negatively impacted by the presence of systemic diseases as well as cheek biting habit.

Correlación del diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de lesiones de la mucosa oral entre 2008-2015 en la Universidad de Costa Rica / Correlation of Clinical and Histopathological Diagnosis of Oral Mucosa Lesions at the University of Costa Rica Between 2008 and 2015

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la concordancia existente entre el diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de las lesiones en la mucosa oral en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR). Es un estudio retrospectivo de 261 informes de lesiones orales recuperados del archivo de biopsias de la Facultad de Odontología de la UCR de 2008 a 2015, fueron analizados 165 reportes que cumplian con los criterios de inclusión. La concordancia entre el diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico fue verificada mediante el test Kappa. Del total de los informes, 96 (36.8%) no contaban con alguna hipótesis diagnóstica. La concordancia con la primera hipótesis diagnóstica se presentó en 114 (69.1%) casos, el valor de kappa fue de 0.663 (concordancia sustancial). Las lesiones premalignas presentaron una concordancia excelente (kappa=0.902). La concordancia del grupo de lesiones proliferativas no neoplásicas fue moderada (kappa=0.504) y las condiciones dermatológicas y autoinmunes con una concordancia insignificante (0.157). La concordancia se produjo en la mayoría de los pacientes investigados con un valor correspondiente a un acuerdo sustancial, sin embargo, se debe mejorar el porcentaje de informes que no contaban con hipótesis clínica.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to determine the existing concordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnosis of lesions in the oral mucosa at the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Costa Rica (UCR). A retrospective study of 261 reports of oral lesions recovered from the biopsy archive of the UCR Faculty of Dentistry from 2008 to 2015. Of the total reports 165 were included in the analysis, 96 (36.8%) did not have any diagnostic hypotheses. The concordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnosis was verified by the Kappa test. Concordance with the first diagnostic hypothesis was presented in 114 (69.1%) cases, the value of kappa was 0.663 (substantial agreement) and 36.8% without clinical diagnosis only a description of the lesion. The premalignant lesions presented an excellent concordance (kappa=0.902). The concordance of the group of non-neoplastic proliferative lesions was moderate (kappa=0.504) and the dermatological and autoimmune conditions with negligible concordance (0.157). Concordance occurred in the majority of the patients investigated with a value corresponding to a substantial agreement, however, the percentage of reports that did not have a clinical hypothesis should be improved.

Manifestações orais do Covid-19: uma breve revisão da literatura / Oral manifestations of Covid-19: a brief review of the literature

A pandemia gerada pelo SARS-CoV-2 gerou uma série de estudos sobre essa nova doença. Este cenário proporcionou mudanças na odontologia, modificando a forma de atendimento e a rotina do consultório. O conhecimento sobre as implicações desse vírus no sistema estomatognático pode fornecer informações valiosas no conhecimento sobre o mecanismo dessa doença na cavidade oral. Dessa forma, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura, a fim de discutir os efeitos do COVID-19 na cavidade oral. No entanto, há poucas evidências na literatura sobre a correlação da COVID-19 e manifestações orais. Pode-se concluir que o vírus possui reflexo na cavidade oral, apresentando diferentes alterações, tais como: úlceras, periodontite, alterações do paladar, infecções oportunistas, dentre outras. Ainda se faz necessária a realização de mais estudos, para compreensão dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos da doença. Além disso, o trabalho ressalta a importância do cirurgião-dentista no ambiente hospitalar, para diagnóstico e conduta no tratamento dessas manifestações na cavidade oral(AU)

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has spawned several studies on this new disease. This scenario provided changes in Dentistry by modifying the form of care and the routine of the office. The knowledge about the implications of this virus in the stomatognathic system can provide valuable information in the knowledge about the mechanism of this disease in the oral cavity. Thus, a literature review was carried out to discuss the effects of COVID-19 on the oral cavity. However, there is little evidence in the literature about the correlation between COVID-19 and oral manifestations. It can be concluded that the virus is reflected in the oral cavity, such as ulcers, periodontitis, changes in taste, opportunistic infections, among others. Further studies are still needed to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. Besides, the work highlights the importance of the Dental Surgeon in the hospital environment for diagnosis and management in the treatment of these manifestations in the oral cavity(AU)

Uretroplastia bulbar con injerto: Una actualización sobre las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas / Graft Urethroplasty for Bulbar Strictures: An Update on the Different Surgical Techniques

En pacientes con estrechez uretral bulbar de una longitud mayor a 2 cm, que no sean candidatos a otras técnicas, se realiza uretroplastia con injerto. Actualmente se emplean diversas técnicas, cada una con ventajas y desventajas propias. Describir las ventajas y desventajas de las técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas actualmente en la uretroplastia con injerto, así como sus tasas de éxito. Se hizo una búsqueda en PubMed, ClinicalKey y en ScienceDirect, utilizando las palabras claves: "urethral stricture," "urethroplasty," "oral graft" y "flap." Se utilizaron los estudios más relevantes, tanto originales como revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis, en inglés y en español. Las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas ofrecen ventajas y desventajas teóricas frente a las otras, aunque las tasas de éxito en todas es cercana al 90%, sin ser una francamente superior frente a las demás. La elección de la técnica quirúrgica a realizar depende de las preferencias y experiencia del cirujano, dado que la tasa de éxito para todas las técnicas es similar.

In patients with urethral stricture longer than 2 cm who are not candidates for other techniques, graft urethroplasty is the most performed surgery. Currently, several techniques are used, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the surgical techniques currently used in graft urethroplasty, as well as their success rates. A search was made in PubMed, ClinicalKey and ScienceDirect, using the keywords: "urethral stenosis," "urethroplasty," "oral graft" and "flap." The most relevant original studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyzes were used, both in English and Spanish. The different surgical techniques offer theoretical advantages compared with the others, although the success rates in all are close to 90%, without being frankly superior compared with the others. The choice of the surgical technique to be performed depends on the preferences and experience of the surgeon, given that the success rate for all techniques is similar.

Detección de papilomavirus humano en mucosa oral en hombres con verrugas anogenitales / Detection of human papillomavirus in oral mucosa in men with anogenital warts

El virus del papiloma humano (HPV) es el agente etiológico de infecciones de transmisión sexual relacionadas con procesos oncogénicos genitales y orales. La biología molecular, mediante la identificación de los tipos virales involucrados, proporciona precisión diagnóstica con un enfoque epidemiológico. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de HPV en la mucosa oral de hombres con verrugas anogenitales y correlacionar los genotipos detectados en ambas muestras. Se estudiaron 26 pacientes varones con verrugas anogenitales que acudieron al Instituto de Dermatología de la ciudad de Resistencia (Argentina). La presencia de HPV en muestras orales y anogenitales se estudió mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y la genotipificación se realizó mediante PCR-RFLP. La prevalencia de HPV oral en pacientes con HPV anogenital fue del 46,2% (12/26). Se encontraron dieciocho genotipos con alto riesgo oncogénico en muestras orales de pacientes con infecciones únicas o múltiples y el tipo 16 fue el más frecuente (6 pacientes). Catorce genotipos en muestras orales fueron de bajo riesgo oncogénico, el más frecuente fue el tipo 6 (10 pacientes). En muestras anogenitales el genotipo 6 fue el más frecuente (13 pacientes), solo o en coinfección. Se encontró una alta prevalencia de HPV oral de malignidad de alto grado en nuestra población y coinfección con tipos oncogénicos. Las prácticas de sexo oral fueron la principal conducta de riesgo para la infección, lo que quedó demostrado por el hallazgo simultáneo del mismo tipo de HPV en muestras orales y anogenitales

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiologic agent of sexually transmitted infections related to genital and oral oncogenic processes. Molecular biology provides accurate diagnosis with an epidemiological approach, by identifying the viral types involved. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of HPV in oral mucosa from men with anogenital warts and to correlate the genotypes detected in both samples. Twenty-six male patients suffering anogenital warts who attended to the Institute of Dermatology in Resistencia (Argentina) were studied. The presence of HPV in oral and anogenital samples was studied by PCR and genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP. The prevalence of oral HPV in patients with anogenital HPV was 46.2% (12/26). Eighteen genotypes with high oncogenic risk were found in oral samples of patients with single or multiple infections and type 16 was the most frequent (6 patients). Fourteen genotypes in oral samples were of low oncogenic risk and the most frequent was type 6 (10 patients). In anogenital samples the genotype 6 was the most frequent (13 patients), alone or in co-infection. A high prevalence of high-grade malignancy oral HPV in our population and co-infection with oncogenic types were found. Oral sex practices were the main risk factor for infection, which was demonstrated by the simultaneous finding of the same HPV type in oral and anogenital samples

Clase metodológica instructiva de la asignatura Sistema Masticatorio, orientada a la relación básico-clínica / Instructive methodological class of the Masticatory System subject, oriented towards the basic-clinical relationship

RESUMEN La preparación del personal docente en las universidades exige un alto nivel científico y de maestría pedagógica. Todo esto requiere un esmerado trabajo metodológico que garantice una planificación organización, regulación y control del proceso docente educativo. Para esto se diseñó una clase metodológica instructiva sobre mucosa oral, de la asignatura Sistema Masticatorio, en la disciplina Histología, con el objetivo de instruir al profesor en la utilización de la vinculación básico-clínica. Se indicó a los profesores cómo relacionar el contenido de la clase con la clínica, desde el punto de vista de las lesiones precancerosas y sus factores de riesgo. Se logró la instrucción de los docentes en la utilización del contenido de las asignaturas y disciplinas de las Ciencias Básicas con la relación básico-clínica, y así se contribuyó a ampliar el espectro científico metodológico de los docentes en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas (AU).

ABSTRACT Training the teaching staff in the universities demands a high scientific level and pedagogical expertise. All of these requires a careful methodological work guaranteeing the teaching-learning process planning, organization, regulation and control. For that the authors designed an instructive methodological lesson aimed to train the teaching staff in the use of the basic-clinical link during a lesson of the subject Masticatory System about Oral Mucosa, in the subject Histology. They indicate to professors how to relate the lesson content to clinic from the point of view of pre-cancer lesions and its risk factors. Training the teaching staff in the use of subjects and disciplines of the Basic Sciences with the basic-clinical relation, the authors contribute to widening the scientific methodological spectrum of the teaching staff of the Matanzas University of Medical Sciences (AU).

Tatuaje de amalgama: Pigmentación exógena más común de la cavidad oral / Amalgam tattoo: Most common exogenous pigmentation of the oral cavity

Resumen El propósito de este estudio es analizar las características clínicas de la pigmentación de amalgama en la cavidad oral, comúnmente, denominada también tatuaje de amalgama, el objetivo es aumentar el conocimiento de esta entidad patológica y diferenciarla de otras lesiones de mayor importancia clínica.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics of amalgam pigmentation in the oral cavity, commonly known as amalgam tattoo, in order to increase the knowledge of this pathological entity and to differentiate it from other important lesions.

A relação da prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer com lesões de mucosa oral em recém-nascidos e prevalência de anquiloglossia de acordo com critérios diagnósticos / The relationship of prematurity and low birth weight with oral mucosal lesions in newborns and prevalence of ankyloglossia according to diagnostic criteria

Objetivo: 1) verificar a associação da prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascimento (BPN) com a ocorrência de lesões de mucosa oral em recém-nascidos (RN), fatores de saúde materno-infantil e socioeconômicos, por meio de um estudo transversal; e 2) avaliar a prevalência de anquiloglossia em bebês, crianças e adolescentes de acordo com diferentes critérios diagnósticos, por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Métodos: 1) O estudo contou com uma amostra de 431 pares de mães e recémnascidos. A coleta foi realizada no período de agosto de 2016 a abril de 2017. Após o nascimento, os bebês tiveram a cavidade bucal examinada para lesões de mucosa. A regressão logística bivariada e multivariada foi utilizada para a análise dos dados. O nível de significância foi de 5%. 2) Foram realizadas buscas eletrônicas em nove bases de dados até 2021. Por meio da meta-análise de efeitos aleatórios, foi avaliada a prevalência bruta de anquiloglossia e para sexo. Uma metaanálise de efeitos mistos foi usada para análise de sugrupos por critérios diagnósticos e idade. Calculamos a RP e o IC de 95% da ocorrência de anquiloglossia em meninos, em comparação com meninas e avaliamos a certeza das evidências usando a abordagem GRADE. Resultados: 1) Prematuridade e BPN foram associados com pérolas de Epstein (odds ratio [OR]: 1,7; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC]: 1,03­3,0; OR: 1,8; IC95%: 1,1­3,2, respectivamente) e mucocele (OR: 4,6; IC95%: 1,3­16,1; OR: 3,7; IC95%: 1,1­13,1, respectivamente), mas não à anquiloglossia (OR: 1,0; IC95%: 0,5­2,1; OR: 0,7; IC95%: 0,3 -1,6, respectivamente) ou amamentação (OR: 0,5; IC95%: 0,1-2,1; OR: 1,9; IC95%: 0,2- 15,6, respectivamente). A prematuridade foi associada à gravidez de alto risco (OR: 2,3; IC 95%: 1,3­3,9), estar na incubadora (OR: 3,2; IC 95%: 1,7­5,9) e baixo nível socioeconômico (OR: 2,4; IC de 95%: 1,1-5,2). 2) Setenta e três estudos observacionais foram incluídos (72 na meta-análise). Havia cinco diferentes critérios diagnósticos validados. A prevalência geral bruta de anquiloglossia foi de 4% (IC95%: 3% - 4%) variando de 67% para o critério de Coryllos (IC95%: 40% - 94%) a 2% para estudos que usaram critérios próprios (2%; IC95% : 2% - 2%). A prevalência foi similar entre faixas etárias e sexos. Entretanto, meninos tiveram 1,29 mais risco de ter anquiloglossia do que meninas (95%IC: 1,04-1,59) com muito baixa certeza de evidência. Conclusão: 1) Recém-nascidos prematuros e com BPN foram mais propensos a ter pérolas de Epstein e mucocele do que RN à termo e com peso normal. Amamentação e anquiloglossia não foram associadas à prematuridade e BPN. A prematuridade também foi associada à gravidez de alto risco, estar na incubadora e baixo nível socioeconômico. 2) A prevalência de anquiloglossia geral foi baixa, e maior para critérios diagnósticos validados comparado aos critérios próprios usados pelos autores. A prevalência de anquiloglossia foi semelhante para grupos de idade e sexo. Com muita baixa certeza da evidência, não podemos afirmar que meninos têm mais anquiloglossia que meninas.

Objective: This thesis describes two studies with the following objectives: 1) one cross-sectional study that aimed to associate prematurity and birth weight with the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions in newborns and associated factors, and 2) one systematic review that evaluated the prevalence of ankyloglossia in babies, children and adolescents according to different diagnostic criteria. Methods: 1) In the crosssectional study, the sample comprised 431 pairs of mothers and newborns born at the University Hospital of Federal University of Minas Gerais. The study included mothers and newborns present in the hospital from August 2016 to April 2017. We excluded newborns with congenital anomalies or syndromes. A trained and calibrated dentist examined the mouth of the newborns for oral mucosal lesions (Kappa = 0.90). The lesions evaluated were dental lamina cysts, Bohn's nodules, Epstein's pearls, mucocele and ankyloglossia. Mothers answered a self-administered questionnaire related to socioeconomic indicators and prenatal habits. Medical records were evaluated to collect information about prematurity, low birth weight (LBW), pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, maternal and newborn health conditions. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for data analysis. The level of significance was 5%. 2) For the systematic review, nine electronic databases were searched from interception up to May 2021 with no restrictions imposed regarding on year of publication or language. Paired independent reviewers selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Using random-effects meta-analysis, we pooled the crude prevalence of ankyloglossia in general and by sex. Using mixed effect-meta-analysis, we subgrouped by diagnostic criteria and age. We calculated the PR and 95%CI of the occurrence of ankyloglossia in boys compared to girls, and assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. Results: 1) Prematurity and LBW were associated with Epstein pearls (odds ratio [OR]: 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03­3.0; OR: 1.8; 95%CI: 1.1­3.2, respectively) and mucocele (OR: 4.6; 95%CI: 1.3­16.1; OR: 3.7; 95%CI: 1.1­13.1, respectively), but not to ankyloglossia (OR: 1.0; 95%CI: 0.5­2.1; OR: 0.7; 95%CI: 0.3­1.6, respectively) or breastfeeding (OR: 0.5; 95%CI: 0.1-2.1; OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 0.2­ 15.6, respectively). Prematurity was associated to high-risk pregnancy (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3­3.9), being in the incubator (OR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.7­5,) and low socioeconomic status (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1-5.2). 2). 2) Seventy-three observational studies were included in the systematic review (72 in the meta-analysis). There were five different validated diagnostic criteria for ankyloglossia. The overall crude prevalence of ankyloglossia was 4% (95%CI: 3%-4%) varying from 67% for Coryllos criteria (40%- 94%) to 2% for those studies using own criteria (2%; 95%CI: 2%-2%). There was a similar prevalence for age groups and both sexes. Boys had 1.29 more risk of having ankyloglossia (95%CI: 1.04-1.59) with very low certainty. Conclusion: 1) Preterm and LBW newborns were more likely to have Epstein pearls and mucocele than full terms. Breastfeeding and ankyloglossia were not associated with prematurity and LBW. Prematurity was also associated with high-risk pregnancy, being in the incubator and low socioeconomic status. 2) The prevalence of ankyloglossia varied among all instruments used; with validated diagnostic criteria showing higher prevalence and non-validated or own criteria showing low prevalence. With low certainty, we could not affirm that boys are more prone to have ankyloglossia compared to girls.

Manifestaciones orales asociadas a SARS-COV-2: Revisión de la literatura / Manifestações orais associadas ao SARS-COV-2: Revisão da literatura / Oral manifestations associated with SARS-COV-2: A literature review

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar las principales manifestaciones y describir su ubicación en la cavidad oral en pacientes COVID-19. Métodos: Se utilizaron las bases de datos PubMed, Medline, LILACS, LIVIVO, Web of Science y SciELO; utilizando los términos de búsqueda oral mucosa, oral mucosa lesion, oral manifestations, COVID-19 y SARS-CoV-2. Se eliminaron duplicados, luego se realizó preselección de artículos, y finalmente se aplicaron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 47 publicaciones, encontrando manifestaciones orales en pacientes COVID-19 tales como alteración en gusto, xerostomía, úlceras, vesículas, entre otras; ubicándose en diferentes áreas de la mucosa oral. Conclusiones: Se necesitan más estudios para vislumbrar la posible etiopatogenia a nivel oral del SARS-CoV-2. Además, se destaca el rol del odontólogo en el equipo multidisciplinario y en la teleconsulta.

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar as principais manifestações e descobrir sua ubiquação na cavidade oral em pacientes com COVID-19. Método: Foram utilizadas as bases de dados PubMed, Medline, LILACS, LIVIVO, Web of Science e SciELO; utilizando os termos de pesquisa oral mucosa, oral mucosa lesion, oral manifestations, COVID-19 e SARS-CoV-2. Duplicadas foram removidas, depois uma pré-seleção de artigos foi feita, e finalmente os critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram aplicados. Resultados: Foram selecionadas 47 publicações, encontrando manifestações orais em pacientes com COVID-19, tais como alterações no paladar, xerostomia, ulcerações, vesículas, entre outros; localizando-as em diferentes áreas da mucosa oral. Conclusão: São precisos mais estudos pra vislumbrar a possível etiopatogenia a nível oral do SARS-CoV-2. Ademais, destaca-se o role do odontólogo na equipe multidisciplinar e na tele consulta.

Abstract Objective: Identify the main oral manifestations associated with COVID19 and describe their location in the oral cavity. Methods: The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, LILACS, LIVIVO, Web of Science, and SciELO. The following words were searched for: oral mucosa, oral mucosa lesion, oral manifestations, COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2. Duplicate articles were eliminated, and the pieces were shortlisted. Finally, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Results: This study included 47 articles. The main oral manifestations in patients with COVID-19 are taste disorders, xerostomia, ulcers, vesicles, and others located in different areas of the oral mucosa. Conclusions More studies are needed to determine the potential oral etiopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, dentists play a significant role in the multidisciplinary and telemedicine team.

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in an adult population from eight communities in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic / Prevalencia de lesiones de mucosa oral en una población adulta de ocho comunidades en Santo Domingo, República Dominicana

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions (OMLs) in an adult population from Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. 751 subjects from eight communities from Santo Domingo accepted the invitation to participate in an oral screening from October 2016 to January 2017. 248 subjects were evaluated and clinically examined, age range 18-86 years. A validated instrument was designed to record demographic factors, age group, gender, anatomical location, presence or absence of OMLs, risk factors such as tobacco consumption and its frequency, and different forms of tobacco and alcohol use. A systematic oral clinical examination was conducted by a specialist. The presence or absence, and anatomic location of OMLs were recorded. The sample consisted of 44.4% males and 55.6 % females. 228 subjects had 1 or more lesions (91.9%), the median was 3 lesions per patient. In relation to risk factors, tobacco use in general was reported by 26.2 % of the subjects, with cigarette smoking reported by 75.4%, followed by other forms as "hookah" 9.2 %, marihuana 9.2%, cigars ("puros")4.6% and pipe smoking 1.5%. Among the oral lesions detected by screening, the nonpathological group was prevalent, and included physiologic melanin pigmentation as the most frequent (25.0%) followed by palatal/mandibular tori (20.2%), Fordyce granules (7.9%), and Exostosis (5.6%). Potentially malignant disorders (Oral Leukoplakia, Oral Lichen Planus and Actinic Cheilitis) corresponded to 2.2%, 0.3 %, and 0.3%, respectively. No malignancy was observed clinically. This study contributes to determining the prevalence of OMLs in Dominican Republic and to identifying risk factors. This is the first study reporting the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among the Dominican adult population. This information is vital for establishing a public health program targeting the high-risk group to improve the oral health status in this population.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de lesiones de la mucosa oral (LMO) en una población adulta proveniente de Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. 751 individuos procedentes de ocho comunidades de la provincia de Santo Domingo, respondieron a la invitación para participar en el examen bucal, desde Octubre 2016 a Enero 2017. 248 sujetos con un rango de edad de 18-86 años, fueron evaluados y examinados clínicamente. Se diseñó y validó un instrumento para obtener datos de factores demográficos, grupos de edad, género, localización anatómica, presencia o ausencia de lesiones de la mucosa oral, factores de riesgo tales como: consumo de tabaco, frecuencia, diferentes formas de uso de tabaco y alcohol. Un especialista en el área, realizó un examen clínico bucal sistematizado en el cual se evaluó y registró la presencia o ausencia de lesiones y su localización anatómica. De acuerdo a la distribución por género, 44.4% correspondió a masculino y 55.6 % femenino. 228/248 sujetos presentaron 1 o más lesiones (91.9%), siendo la media de 3 lesiones por paciente. En relación a los factores de riesgo, el tabaco se reportó en 26.2%, siendo el fumar cigarrillos el 75.4%, seguido de otras formas como "hookah" 9.2%, marihuana 9.2%, cigarros ("puros") 4.6% y pipa fumada 1.5 %. En cuanto a las lesiones bucales detectadas en el examen, el grupo de condiciones no patológicas fue el más frecuente e incluía a pigmentaciones fisiológicas melánicas (25.0%), seguida de torus palatino/mandibulares (20.2 %), gránulos de Fordyce (7.9%) y exostosis (5.6%),respectivamente. Las lesiones potencialmente malignas detectadas (Leucoplasia oral, Liquen plano oral y Queilitis actínica) correspondieron al 2.2%, 0.3 % y 0.3%, respectivamente. Clínicamente, no se observó malignidad. Este estudio contribuye a determinar la prevalencia de LMO en República Dominicana e identificar factores de riesgo. Los hallazgos representan el primer estudio que muestra la prevalencia de las lesiones de mucosa oral en la población adulta dominicana. Se recomienda la creación de un programa de salud pública orientado a grupos de alto riesgo para mejorar el estatus de salud oral en esta población.

Presentación clínica de pigmentación melánica fisiológica / Clinical presentation of physiologic melanin pigmentation

Las pigmentaciones de la cavidad oral son comunes, éstas pueden representar diversas entidades clínicas, desde cambios fisiológicos hasta cambios malignos. Las pigmentaciones en la encía se conocen como pigmentaciones melánicas o melanosis gingival; en la encía se observan como tinciones oscuras ocasionadas por la acumulación de melanina en la zona. Éstas se consideran comunes, pueden representar variación normal en la pigmentación de melanina de la mucosa oral, hasta representar procesos malignos. En general, las personas de piel más oscura presentan frecuentemente mayor pigmentación de melanina oral que las personas de piel clara. Las variaciones en la pigmentación fisiológica oral están determinadas genéticamente a menos que estén asociadas con alguna enfermedad subyacente (AU)

Pigmentation of the oral cavity is common, it can represent diverse clinical entities, from physiological changes to malignant changes. Gum pigmentations are known as melanic pigmentations or gingival melanosis, and are observed as dark stains caused by the accumulation of melanin in the localized area. These are considered common, they can represent normal variation in melanin pigmentation of the oral mucosa, or malignant processes. In general, people with darker skin often exhibit greater pigmentation of oral melanin than people with fair skin. Variations in oral physiological pigmentation are genetically determined unless they are associated with some underlying disease (AU)

Lipoma oral: Revisión de literatura y reporte de caso / Oral lipoma: Review of literature and case report

Resumen Los lipomas son considerados los tumores de origen mesenquimatoso más comunes del tejido blando; de ellos el 13% del total se ubican en cabeza y cuello, pero es difícil encontrarlos en la región oral y maxilofacial. La localización más común de lipomas dentro de la región oral y maxilofacial ha sido reportada en la mucosa bucal, lengua y piso de boca. Los lipomas son neoplasias que se presentan típicamente como una masa suave, de superficie lisa, nodular, amarillenta y asintomática. Histopatológicamente, el lipoma clásico asemeja un tejido normal adiposo y tiene múltiples variantes. Este artículo presenta el reporte de caso de un lipoma oral extenso en un paciente femenino de 46 años de edad en la mucosa yugal, tratado quirúrgicamente con adecuada evolución. Asimismo se realiza la revisión de literatura con sus variantes histopatológicas.

Abstract Lipomas are considered the most frequent mesenchymal tumors of soft tissue, 13% are located in head and neck but it´s difficult to find them in the oral and maxillofacial region. The most common location of lipomas within the oral and maxillofacial region has been reported in the buccal mucosa, tongue and floor of the mouth. Lipomas are neoplasias that typically present as a soft, smooth-surfaced, nodular, yellowish, and asymptomatic mass. Histopathologically, the classical lipoma resembles normal adipose tissue and it has multiple variants. This article presents a case report of a relatively large oral classical lipoma in a 46 year-old woman on mandibular buccal vestibule, along with a review of the literature and its histopatho-logical variants.

Diagnóstico histopatológico de lesões orais provenientes da mesorregião agreste do estado de Pernambuco / Diagnóstico histopatológico de lesiones orales de la mesorregión agreste del estado de Pernambuco / Histopathological diagnosis of oral lesions from the agreste mesoregion of Pernambuco state

Resumo Introdução e Objetivos: Os laboratórios de patologia oral de universidades têm procurado caracterizar e quantificar a prevalência de lesões que são obtidas nas biópsias, para que assim, seja possível estabelecer o perfil dos casos do acervo deste serviços. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar os diagnósticos histológicos de biópsias solicitados por profissionais estabelecidos e serviços localizados na região do agreste meridional do estado de Pernambuco ao laboratório de patologia oral da UFPE. Materiais e métodos: Tratou-se um estudo retrospectivo em que foram analisadas todas as fichas de requisição de exames anatomopatológicos e seus respectivos laudos emitidos pelo Laboratório de Patologia Oral da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco no período de 17 anos - março de 2000 a março de 2017. Resultados: Das 6000 fichas clínicas, 11,4% provieram da mesorregião do Agreste Pernambucano. 42% destas peças foram provenientes da cidade Caruaru, sendo os processos proliferativos não neoplásicos o grupo de lesão mais frequente (43,9%), seguido pelo grupo de patologia inflamatória das glândulas salivares (12%) e lesões cancerizáveis (7,3%). O sexo feminino foi o mais afetado em 64,7% dos casos, com média de idade dos pacientes de 45 anos. Conclusão: A mesorregião agreste de Pernambuco carece de laboratórios especializados no diagnóstico histológico de lesões orais. Na amostra estudada, mulheres e processos proliferativos não neoplásicos foram os mais prevalentes.

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: Los laboratorios de patología oral de las universidades han tratado de caracterizar y cuantificar la prevalencia de las lesiones que se obtienen en las biopsias, de modo que sea posible establecer el perfil de los casos a partir de la recopilación de estos servicios. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los diagnósticos histológicos de biopsias solicitados por profesionales y servicios establecidos ubicados en la región agreste del estado de Pernambuco al laboratorio de patología oral de la UFPE. Materiales y métodos: Este fue un estudio retrospectivo que analizó todos los archivos de solicitud de exámenes patológicos y sus respectivos informes emitidos por el Laboratorio de Patología Oral de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco de 17 años, del marzo de 2000 al marzo de 2017. Resultados: De los 6000 registros clínicos, el 11,4% provino de la mesorregión agreste de Pernambucano. El 42% de estas piezas provienen de la ciudad de Caruaru, siendo los procesos proliferativos no neoplásicos el grupo de lesiones más frecuente (43,9%), seguido por el grupo de patología inflamatoria de las glándulas salivales (12%) y el grupo de lesiones com potencial de cancerización (7,3%). Las mujeres fueron las más afectadas en el 64,7% de los casos, con una edad media de 45 años. Conclusión: La mesorregión agreste de Pernambuco carece de laboratorios especializados en el diagnóstico histológico de lesiones orales. En la muestra estudiada, las mujeres y los procesos proliferativos no neoplásicos fueron los más prevalentes.

Abstract Introduction and Objective: The oral pathology laboratories of universities have sought to characterize and quantify the prevalence of lesions that are obtained on biopsies, in aim to analyze the histological diagnoses of biopsies requested by established professionals and services located in agreste region of Pernambuco state demanded by the oral pathology laboratory of UFPE. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study that analyzed all the request files for pathological exams and their respective reports issued by the Oral Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Pernambuco from 17 years - March 2000 to March 2017. Results: Of the 6000 clinical records, 11.4% came from the agreste mesoregion from Pernambuco. 42% of these pieces came from Caruaru, with non-neoplastic proliferative processes being the most frequent lesion group (43.9%), followed by the salivary glands inflammatory pathology group (12%) and cancerous lesions group (7.3%). Females were the most affected in 64.7% of cases, with a mean age of 45 years. Conclusion: The agreste mesoregion of Pernambuco lacks specialized laboratories in the histological diagnosis of oral lesions. In the sample studied, women and non-neoplastic proliferative processes were the most prevalent.

Detección del virus del papiloma humano en mucosa oral de mujeres de Cali, Colombia / Human papilloma virus detection in oral mucosa of women from Cali, Colombia

Introducción: Poco se sabe acerca de la presencia del VPH en la mucosa oral en población sana y cuales son los factores de riesgo que pueden llevar al virus a una infección persistente que conduzca al desarrollo de un carcinoma. Objetivos: En el presente estudio la detección del VPH se realizó en muestras de ADN obtenidas de la mucosa oral de 76 mujeres sanas. Métodos: El VPH se detectó mediante la técnica de PCR anidada para el gen viral L1. La genotipificación se realizó mediante la secuenciación directa del fragmento del gen L1 amplificado por el método de Sanger, seguido de un análisis de porcentajes de identidad. Resultados: El porcentaje de detección de VPH fue de 6.6 por ciento. Los genotipos virales identificados fueron HPV-11, HPV-43 y HPV-72, todos clasificados de bajo riesgo oncológico. Además, se observó que el no uso del condón en este grupo de edad se asoció significativamente con la presencia de VPH en la mucosa oral (p = 0.037). Conclusión: En la presente investigación exploratoria se evidencio una mayor detección de VPH en la mucosa oral de mujeres sanas y su presencia se asocia con una vida sexual activa sin una protección adecuada contra su transmisión.

Introduction: Little is known about the presence of HPV in the oral mucosa in the healthy population and what risk factors can lead the virus to a persistent infection that leads to the development of a carcinoma. Objectives: In the present study, HPV detection was performed on DNA samples obtained from the oral mucosa of 76 healthy women, and the presence of the virus was associated with the sexual behavior of the participants. Methods: HPV was detected by the nested PCR technique for the viral gene L1. Genotyping was performed by direct sequencing of the L1 gene fragment amplified by the Sanger method, followed by an analysis of identity percentages. Results: The percentage of detection of HPV was 6.6 percent. The viral genotypes identified were HPV-11, HPV-43 and HPV-72, all classified as low oncological risk. In addition, it was observed that the lack of condom usage in this age group was significantly associated with the presence of HPV in the oral mucosa (p = 0.037). Conclusion: In the present exploratory research the detection of HPV in the oral mucosa of healthy women is evidenced, and its presence is associated with an active sexual life without adequate protection against its transmission.

Análisis retrospectivo de las lesiones de la mucosa oral entre 2008-2015 en el internado clínico de odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica / Retrospective analysis of oral mucosal lesions between 2008-2015 in the clinical boarding school of dentistry of the University of Costa Rica

RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de las diferentes lesiones de la mucosa oral en el internado clínico de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR). Metodología: estudio retrospectivo de 263 informes de lesiones orales recuperados del archivo de biopsias de la Facultad de Odontología de la UCR del 2008 a 2015. Se evaluaron y analizaron de forma descriptiva y cualitativa información sobre el sexo, edad, localización de la lesión y diagnóstico histopatológico. Resultados: los casos de lesiones de la mucosa oral afectaron preferentemente a las mujeres (n= 144; 54.8 %), el promedio de edad fue 48.8 años (16.4 DS) y con lesiones predominantemente localizadas en lengua (n= 68; 25.9 %), encía (n=62; 23.6 %) y labio (n=61; 23.2 %). Las lesiones proliferativas no neoplásicas (n=101; 38.7 %), lesiones potencialmente malignas (n=29; 11.1 %) y lesiones epiteliales benignas y malignas (n=24; 9.1 %) fueron los grupos más prevalentes. Las cuatro lesiones más predominantes fueron la hiperplasia fibrosa, hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatoria, liquen plano e hiperqueratosis sin atipia. Conclusiones: las lesiones proliferativas no neoplásicas fueron las predominantes, siendo en forma individual la hiperplasia fibrosa la lesión más prevalente. Estos resultados pueden ser útiles para comprender la distribución de las enfermedades bucales en una muestra nacional.

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the frequency of the different lesions of the oral mucosa in the clinical internship of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Costa Rica (UCR). Methodology: retrospective study of 263 reports of oral lesions recovered from the biopsies file of the Faculty of Dentistry of the UCR from 2008 to 2015. Information on sex, age, location of the lesion and histopathological diagnosis was collected and evaluated in a descriptive and qualitative manner. Results: cases of oral mucosal lesions affected women preferentially (n = 144, 54.8 %), the average age was 48.8 years (16.4 SD) and with lesions predominantly located in tongue (n = 68, 25.9%), gum (n = 62, 23.6 %) and lip (n = 61, 23.2 %). Non-neoplastic proliferative lesions (n ​​= 101, 38.7 %), potentially malignant lesions (n ​​= 29, 11.1%) and benign and malignant epithelial lesions (n ​​= 24, 9.1 %) were the most prevalent groups. The four most predominant lesions were fibrous hyperplasia, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, lichen planus and hyperkeratosis without atypia. Conclusions: non-neoplastic proliferative lesions were predominant, with the fibrous hyperplasia being the most prevalent lesion. These results may be useful to understand the distribution of oral diseases in a national sample.